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Medieval face-mask and transitional helmets.
Lost tomb, probably of Count William of Flanders,
Church of Saint Bertin, Saint Omer, Flanders, c.1170 or later
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/William_of_Flanders-Bertin_St_Omer-Sigilla_comitum_Flandriae-1639.jpg)
Nebuchadnezzar besieges Jerusalem, Rylands Beatus,
Commentary on the Apocalypse by Beatus of Liébana, c.1175, Spain
University of Manchester Library, Latin MS 8, f.206v
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Face_mask-Beatus-Rylands-Latin_Ms8-206v-dt.jpg)
European with face-mask helmet
Carved Column Capital in the Cloister of Monreale Cathedral
near Palermo in Sicily, 1174 to 1182 AD
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Monreale_Capitals-Fig4-detail.jpg)
The Cardena Beatus Codex, c.1175-1185AD
Commentary on the Apocalypse by Beatus of Liébana, Spain
Folio 106r. The Antichrist Kills the Two Witnesses
Museo Arqueológico Nacional
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Face_mask-Beatus-Cardena-death_of_the_2_witnesses-dt.jpg)
The Hortus Deliciarum, Plate 3
Made at the Hohenburg Abbey, France, 1185AD
by Herrad of Landsberg
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Face_mask-Hortus_Deliciarum-p3-dt.jpg)
Wall Painting in the Church of Saints Giovanni & Paolo
Murder of Thomas Becket, Spoleto, Italy, late 12th-century
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Face_mask-Spoleto-Murder_of_Becket-dt.jpg)
An inserted miniature in BL Harley 5102
Murder of Thomas Becket, England, late 12th-century
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Face_mask-Harley_5102-Murder_of_Becket-dt.jpg)
Rolandslied, Song of Roland,
Regensburg, Germany, late 12th-century
Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, Cod. Pal. germ. 112
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Face_mask-Rolandslied-dt.jpg)
Bible, Champagne, France, 1185-1195AD
Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS Latin 11534, f.157v.
![Knights with face-mask helmets. Bible. Champagne, France, 1185-1195AD. Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS Latin 11534.](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Face_mask-France-Biblia_sacra-BnF_Lat_11534-f157v-dt.jpg)
The Martyrdom of Thomas Becket
Fresco in the Museo Diocesano
from Palazzo dei Trecento, Treviso, Veneto, Italy.
c.1180/90 or c.1360AD
![Knights with face-mask helmets. Bible. Champagne, France, 1185-1195AD. Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS Latin 11534.](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Face_mask-Palazzo_dei_Trecento-dt.jpg)
The Murder of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury
Font, Lyngsjo Church, Scania, southern Sweden, late 12th century
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Face_mask-Lyngsjo-3-dt.jpg)
Soldiers in facemask helmets on the portal of Santa María la Real de Sangüesa, Navarre, c.1200.
Wall paintings of knights in All Saints Church, Claverley, Shropshire, c.1200.
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Face_mask-Claverley-Wall_painting-dt.jpg)
and possibly
Effigy of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex, 12th-13th century
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Geoffrey_de_Mandeville-effigy.jpg)
Speculum virginum a.k.a. Jungfrauenspiegel, Trier, Germany, c.1180-1200.
Museum August Kestner, Hanover, inv 3984.
!['Speculum virginum' a.k.a. 'Jungfrauenspiegel', Trier, Germany, c.1180-1200. Museum August Kestner, Hanover, inv 3984.](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Germany-Speculum_virginum-Jungfrauenspiegel-On_Pride-Museum_August_Kestner.jpg)
Sleeping Guards at the Sepulchre. Ávila Bible, Spain, 12th century.
Biblioteca Nacional VITR/15/1.
![Sleeping Guards at the Sepulchre. Ávila Bible, Spain, 12th century. Biblioteca Nacional VITR/15/1.](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Spain-Avila_bible-Castile-Biblioteca_Nacional-f324v-Guards.jpg)
Relief of a Knight, Basilica di Santa Giustina, Padua, Italy, c.1190-1210AD.
![Relief of a Knight, Basilica di Santa Giustina, Padua, Italy, c.1190-1210AD.](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Face_mask-Italy-Basilica_di_Santa_Giustina-Padua-Relief_of_knight.jpg)
Peace overcomes Discord,
Portal of Church of San Vincente Martyr at Frias, Burgos, Spanish late 12th century AD
(Cloisters Museum, New York).
![Relief of a Knight, Basilica di Santa Giustina, Padua, Italy, c.1190-1210AD.](https://warfare.ueuo.com/12/img/Church_of_San_Vicente_Martir-portal-Peace_overcomes_Discord.jpg)
Chartres Cathedral window
The story of the Murder of Thomas Becket, c.1210
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Face_mask-Chartres_Cathedral-Becket_Window-dt.jpg)
Chartres Cathedral window w. 7 (Delaport 38), c.1213
The story of Charlemagne
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Chartres_Cathedral-Charlemagne_Window-16.jpg)
Karlsschrein Shrine of Charlemagne, Aachen Cathedral, Germany, c.1215
Frescoes of 13th century North Italian Soldiers at Schloss Rodenegg (Rodeneck), 1215-1220.
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Schloss_Rodenegg-Aschelon_Ywain.jpg)
Psalterium B. Elisabeth
Elisabethpsalter, Germany, early 13th century
Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Cividale Ms. CXXXVII
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Face_mask-Elisabethpsalter-f139v-dt.jpg)
Bible, Paris, France, 1200-1225AD
Médiathèque de Troyes, MS 106, f.141v.
![Knights with face-mask helmets. Bible, Paris, France, 1200-1225AD. Médiathèque de Troyes, MS 106, f.141v.](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Face_mask-France-Bible-BM_Troyes-MS_106-f141v-dt.jpg)
Speyerer Evangelista, c.1220AD
Badische Landesbibliothek, Karlsruhe, Ms Bruchsal 1, f.31v
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Face_mask-Germany-Speyerer_Evangelistar-BLB_Karlsruhe-Ms_Bruchsal_1-f31v-dt.jpg)
Aeneasroman by Heinrich von Veldeke, c.1220
Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Ms. Germ. Fol. 282, Berlin
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Face_mask-Eneit-34v-dt.jpg)
'Conquests of Alexander', Bible, France, c.1220AD.
Reims - BM - ms. 35, f.238v.
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Face_mask-France-Bible-Reims_BM-Ms_35-f238v-dt.jpg)
Fresco in the Church of Saint-Jacques-des-Guérets.
Departure of the knights for the second crusade, France, early 13th century
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Fresque_de_leglise_Saint-Jacques-des-Guerets.jpg)
Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, en Sequera de Fresno.
Relief on a tympanum over a slit window.
Two soldiers in face-mask helmets, Spain, early 13th century.
![Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, en Sequera de Fresno. Relief on a tympanum over a slit window. Two soldiers in face-mask helmets, Spain, early 13th century.](https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/53578301009_650f60231a_z.jpg)
St. Maurice on the Reliquary by Abbot Nantelme, 1225AD.
Monastery of Saint Maurice, Agaunum, Valais, Switzerland.
![St. Maurice on the Reliquary by Abbot Nantelme, 1225AD. Monastery of Saint Maurice, Agaunum, Valais, Switzerland.](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Swiss-Reliquary_of_St-Maurice_by_Abbot_Nantelme-Death_of_St_Maurice.jpg)
Soldiers & Hunters from
The Rochester Bestiary, England, c.1230
British Library, Royal 12 F XIII
![Soldiers & Hunters from The Rochester Bestiary, c.1230. British Library, Royal 12 F XIII](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Rochester_Bestiary-f11v-Elephant.jpg)
War Elephant from
a Bestiary, England, 2nd quarter of the 13th century
British Library, Harley MS 4751.
![Soldiers & Hunters from The Rochester Bestiary, 2nd quarter of the 13th century. British Library, Royal 12 F XIII](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Face_mask-Harley_MS_4751-f8-Elephant-dt.jpg)
Summa de vitiis et virtutibus by Willelmus Peraldus
British Library Harley MS 3244, England, after 1236.
![](https://warfare.ueuo.com/13/img/Harley_MS_3244-28r.jpg)
Other 12th Century Illustrations of Costume and Soldiers
Other 13th Century Illustrations of Costume and Soldiers