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Illustrations of Franks and Saracens of the 12th century

Les Monuments de la Monarchie Françoise

Qui Comprennent l'Histoire de France
Tome Premier

A series of 10 painted windows in the monastery church of St Denis in Paris

Plate LII (52)

PL. LII.














Battle against the Sultan of Egypt, & victory of the Crusaders
   The next Plate represents the first battle against Corbaram, as it is borne by the inscription Bellum inter Corbaram & Francos. War or battle between the French & Corbaram. The latter are dressed & armed as usual. The dress of war of the Turks is not uniform, one falling is covered with scales. What is very strange here, and in three other plates, is seen above the inscription a row of horns pierced with holes like flutes. It is probable that these are horns, which are made use in this war, according to William of Tyre, Dato signo cornibus & lituis. After the signal had been given with horns & trumpets. But why put them here at the bottom of the picture? Why arrange them in this way? This is what I could not even guess.
   At the bottom of the plate is the picture of the taking of Jerusalem; we see the wooden tower, with deck to shoot down from, against the wall of the city. The Crusaders in the tower are fighting against the castle garrison. They shoot arrows at them, others go to attack via the bridge. All this is represented very crudely & imperfectly. Behind the tower is a certain round & long instrument, which tapers from the bottom. It is probably put there to signify something. I recall here the instrument we see on the prows of two of Harold's vessels in Plate XLI. This is the rudder, or axe unless he holds the position of the rudder. These were certainly of seafarers come from Joppa, who made the machines & the tower, which served to take Jerusalem. This instrument is completely similar to these, does it not mark that the work was done by people of navy? The inscription on the bottom door, that the city of Jerusalem is taken by the French. IREM A FRANCIS EXPUCNATA.
   After the capture of Jerusalem it was thought to elect a King. There was initially some contradiction on the part of the Clergy, but finally they proceeded to the election, and the lot fell upon Godfrey of Boüillon, the bravest Prince of his century, and whose wisdom equaled his valour. Soon after we took the view that the Sultan of Babylon, also titled the Sultan of Egypt, the historians of the time also called the Amiravisi; that Sultan, I say, marched against Jerusalem with a very powerful army, and had advanced to Ascalon. The new king and the princes were of the view point not to wait, but to go to meet him. The king therefore marched with the Count of Toulouse, Duke of Normandy, the Count of Flanders, and Tancred. As they approached the enemy, an advanced crusader body soon discovered a large troop of armed Arab horse, put them to flight, and pursued them to Ascalon - the sword in the kidneys . The battle was fought subsequently. The French performed prodigies of valour. Robert Duke of Normandy, seeing an enemy leader whose arms shone with gold and silver, spurred his horse, and gave him a lance thrust that brought him down, badly wounded. Robert Count of Flanders had penetrated to the middle of the enemy squadrons, all their great army was routed, and many were cut to pieces.

A larger image of Plate 52, print of a Monastery Church of Saint Denis window of the 12th century
PL. LII.














Bataille contre le Sultan d'Egypte, & victoire des Croiſez
   La Planche ſuivante nous repreſente d'abord la bataille contre Corbaram, comme il eſt porté par l'inſcription Bellum inter Corbaram ¤ Francos. Guerre ou bataille entre Corbaram ¤ les François. Ces derniers y ſont vétus & armez à l'ordinaire. L'habit de guerre des Turcs n'eſt pas uniforme, un qui tombe eſt tout couvert d'écailles. Ce qui eſt fort ſingulier ici , & dans trois autres tableaux, c'eſt qu'on voit au-deſſus de l'inſcription une rangée de cornes percées de trous comme des flutes. Il y a apparence que ce ſont des cors, dont on ſe ſervoit en cette guerre, ſelon Guillaume de Tyr , Dato ſigno cornibus ¤ lituis. Aprés que le ſignal eut été donné avec des cors ¤ des trompettes. Mais pourquoi les mettre ici au bas du tableau ? Pourquoi arrangez de cette maniere ? C'eſt ce que je n'ai pû encore deviner.
   Au bas de la Planche eſt le tableau de la priſe de Jeruſalem; on y voit le château de bois roulant, & le pont abbattu contre la muraille de la ville. Les Croiſez dans ce château ſe battent contre la garniſon. On tire des fleches ſur eux, d'autres vont à l'aſſaut par le pont. Tout cela eſt repreſenté fort groſſierement & fort imparfaitement. Derriere le château eſt un certain inſtrument rond & long, qui ſe termine en pointe par le bas. Il eſt ſans doute mis là pour ſignifier quelque choſe. Je rappelle ici l'inſtrument qu'on voit à la proüe des deux vaſſeaux d'Harold, Planche XLI. C'eſt le gouvernail, ou il tient ax moins la place du gouvernail. Ce furent certainement des gens de mer venus de Joppé, qui firent les machines & ce château, qui ſervirent à prendre Jeruſalem. Cet inſtrument tout-à-fait ſemblable à ceux-là, ne marqueroit-il pas que l'ouvrage a été fait par des gens de marine ? L'inſcription au bas porte, que la ville de Jeruſalem eſt priſe par les François. IREM A FRANCIS EXPUCNATA.
   Aprés la priſe de Jeruſalem on penſa à élire un Roi. Il y eut d'abord quelque contradiction de la part du Clergé ; mais on proceda enfin à l'élection, & le ſort tomba ſur Godefroi de Boüillon , Prince des plus braves de ſon ſiecle, & dont la ſageſſe égaloit la valeur. Peu de tems après on eut avis que le Sultan de Babylone, ainſi appelloit-on le Sultan d'Egypte , les Hiſtoriens du tems le nomment auſſi l'Amiraviſi ; que ce Sultan, dis-je, marchoit contre Jeruſalem avec une très-puiſſante armée, & s'étoit avancé juſqu'à Aſcalon. Le nouveau Roi & le Princes furent d'avis de ne le point attendre , mais d'aller à ſa rencontre. Le Roi marcha donc accompagné du Comte de Toulouſe , du Duc de Normandie, du Comte de Flandres, & de Tancrede. Comme ils approchoient de l'enemi , un corps de Croiſez avancé qui alloit à la découverte, donna ſur une groſſe troupe d'Arabes armez & à cheval , les mit en déroute, & les pourſuivit juſqu'à Aſcalon l'épée dans les reins. La bataille ſe donna enſuite. Les François firent des prodiges de valeur. Robert Duc de Normandie , voiant un Chef des ennemis dont les armes brilloient d'or & d'argent , piqua ſon cheval , & lui porta un coup de lance qui le mit à bas grievement bleſſé. Robert Comte de Flandres penetra juſqu'au a milieu des eſcadrons ennemis , toute leur grande armée fut miſe en déroute , & un grand nombre fut taillé en pieces.

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A Sudanese spearman in Armies and Enemies of the Crusades 1096-1291 by Ian Heath, based on this painted window in the monastery church of St Denis in Paris.

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